三字經▪ 三字经 ▪Sānzìjīng | Three Character Classic (39EP)

人遺子，金滿籯，我教子，唯一經。
勤有功，戲無益，戒之哉，宜勉力。

人遗子，金满籯，我教子，唯一经。
勤有功，戏无益，戒之哉，宜勉力。

Rén yí zi, jīn mǎn yíng, wǒ jiàozǐ, wéiyī jīng.
Qín yǒugōng, xì wúyì, jiè zhī zāi, yí miǎnlì.
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＜ English Translation＞
Other people leave coffers of gold and caskets of jewels for their offspring, but what 1 have for my children is this Three-Character- Scripture. I believe it will guide them in their search for knowledge and on their path to become decent men. Diligence will reward one with great achievements, whereas idling around all day long can only lead to a gloomy future. One should bear this in mind and encourage oneself to become a useful person.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
别人留给子孙的是满箱的财宝，我却将《三字经》留于后世子孙，用来教导子孙好好读书，明白做人处事的道理。只要肯勤奋用功，一定会有成果。而只着食玩，不肯上进，是没有益处的。所以我们要时常警惕，好好努力，做一个有用的人。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞
⁣别人留給子孫的是滿箱的財寶，我卻將《三字經》留於後世子孫，用来教導子孫好好讀書，明白做人處事的道理。只要肯勤奮用功，一定會有成果。而只著食玩，不肯上進，是沒有益處的。所以我們要時常警惕，好好努力，做一個有用的人。
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幼而學，壯而行，上致君，下澤民。
揚名聲，顯父母，光於前，裕於後。

幼而学，壮而行。上致君，下泽民。
扬名声，显父母。光于前，裕于后。

Yòu ér xué, zhuàng ér xíng, shàng zhì jūn, xià zé mín.
Yángmíng shēng, xiǎn fùmǔ, guāng yú qián, yù yú hòu.
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＜ English Translation＞
When one is young, he should strive to learn more knowledge to enrich his mind, so that when he grows older, he can use his knowledge to serve his country and its people. If one can achieve so, he will make his parents proud: he will be respected by the others, and he will set a good example for his children.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
年幼的时候要努力学习，长大后则应身体力行，实践所学到的知识，上能为国家做贡献，下能造福百姓。
这样不但自己可以得到大家尊敬，父母也会为我们感到骄傲，更能为家族争光，能让后代子孙学习。


＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
年幼的時候要努力學習，長大後則應身體力行，實踐所學到的知識，上能為國家做貢獻，下能造福百姓。
這樣不但自己可以得到大家尊敬，父母也會為我們感到驕傲，更能為家族爭光，能讓後代子孫學習。

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犬守夜，雞司晨，苟不學，曷為人?
蠶吐絲，蜂釀蜜，人不學，不如物。

犬守夜，鸡司晨，苟不学，曷为人?
蚕吐丝，蜂酿蜜，人不学，不如物。

Quǎn shǒuyè, jī sī chén, gǒu bù xué, hé wéirén?
Cán tǔ sī, fēng niàng mì, rén bù xué, bùrú wù.
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＜ English Translation＞
Dogs can guard the house for their owners at night.
Roosters can crow at dawn to proclaim the start of a day. Silkworms produce silk which is used to make clothing. Bees make honey which is widely consumed by men. If one does not learn and acquire a strong suit, then one will pale in comparison to these animals and insects in terms of one's contribution to society.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
狗会在晚上守夜看门，防止盗贼偷盗。
公鸡会在早 晨报晓，提醒人们该起床劳作了。
蚕能吐丝，供给人类织布的原料。
蜜蜂能采花酿蜜,供人食用。
动物都有一技之长，人如果不肯努力学习，不知道上进，就连这些小动物都不如了。


＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
狗會在晚上守夜看門，防止盜賊偷盜。
公雞會在早 晨報曉，提醒人們該起床勞作了。
蠶能吐絲，供給人類織布的原料。
蜜蜂能採花釀蜜,供人食用。
動物都有一技之長，人如果不肯努力學習，不知道上進，就連這些小動物都不如了。
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唐劉晏，方七歲，舉神童，作正字。
彼雖幼，身已仕，爾幼學，勉而致。

唐刘晏，方七岁，举神童，作正字。
彼虽幼，身已仕，尔幼学，勉而致。

Táng liúyàn, fāng qī suì, jǔ shéntóng, zuò zhèngzì.
Bǐ suī yòu, shēn yǐ shì, ěr yòu xué, miǎn ér zhì.
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＜ English Translation＞
Liu Yan of the Tang Dynasty was praised as a child prodigy when he was seven years old. He was later appointed as "Zheng Zi Guan" (Corrector of Texts) in charge of proofreading and correcting texts in the Hanlin Academy (the Imperial Academy) by Emperor Xuanzong. Though at a young age, he already had an important official post and was serving his country. One should learn from him. aspire to achieve great things at an early age and strive to realize one's dreams.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
唐朝的刘晏七岁时就饱读诗书，被称为「神 童」。
他通过了童子科的 考试，做了翰林院 的正字官，负责校对和勘正文字。
刘晏小小年纪就已经担当国家的重任了，这是因为他从小就立下志向，勤奋学习。


＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
唐朝的劉晏七歲時就飽讀詩書，被稱為「神 童」。
他通過了童子科的考試，做了翰林院的正字官，負責校對和勘正文字。
劉晏小小年紀就已經擔當國家的重任了，這是因為他從小就立下志向，勤奮學習。
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蔡文姬，能辨琴，謝道韞，能詠吟。
彼女子，且聰敏，爾男子，當自警。

蔡文姬，能辨琴，谢道韫，能咏吟。
彼女子，且聪敏，尔男子，当自警。

Càiwénjī, néng biàn qín, xièdàoyùn, néng yǒng yín.
Bǐnǚ zǐ, qiě cōngmǐn, ěr nánzǐ, dāng zìjǐng.

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＜ English Translation＞
Cai Wenji of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, from a very young age, was able to tell a good piece of musical instrument by listening to the sound of it. Young Xie Daoyun of the Jin Dynasty could compose verses at tongue tip.
In ancient China, women were regarded as vastly inferior to men and did not have the same educational opportunities as men. Now that girls and boys can enjoy equal schooling today, they ought to cherish the opportunity and urge themselves to study hard.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
东汉末年的蔡文姬，从小便能分辨琴声的好坏。晋朝的谢道继能出口成诗。古时候女孩子没有男孩子拥有的地位，没有上学的机会，但蔡文姬和谢道韫却聪敏而好学。所以今天无论男孩、女孩都应刻苦读书，珍惜大好时光，不断充实自己，才能学有所成。


＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
東漢末年的蔡文姬，從小便能分辨琴聲的好壞。晉朝的謝道繼能出口成詩。古時候女孩子沒有男孩子擁有的地位，沒有上學的機會，但蔡文姬和謝道韞卻聰敏而好學。所以今天無論男孩、女孩都應刻苦讀書，珍惜大好時光，不斷充實自己，才能學有所成。
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瑩八歲，能詠詩，泌七歲，能賦棋。
彼穎悟，人稱奇，爾幼學，當效之。

莹八岁，能咏诗，泌七岁，能赋棋。
彼颖悟，人称奇，尔幼学，当效之。

Yíng bā suì, néng yǒng shī, mì qī suì, néng fù qí.
Bǐ yǐngwù, rén chēngqí, ěr yòu xué, dāng xiào zhī.
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＜ English Translation＞
Zu Ying of the Northern Qi Dynasty could recite poetries at the age of eight. Li Bi of the Tang Dynasty at seven years of age could write poems on the topic of playing Weiqi (the game of Go). People are amazed at their talent and called them prodigies, but their excellence was more the result of their passion and diligent study. Children should follow these good examples and study hard from a young age.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
北齐的祖莹八岁就能吟诗，唐朝的李泌七岁时，即以下棋为题作诗赋。他们的聪明才智人人称奇，可他们的「天才」更多是因为喜爱读书、勤奋求学。所以小朋友应当以他们为榜样，从小努力，才能有所成就。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
北齊的祖瑩八歲就能吟詩，唐朝的李泌七歲時，即以下棋為題作詩賦。他們的聰明才智人人稱奇，可他們的「天才」更多是因為喜愛讀書、勤奮求學。所以小朋友應當以他們為榜樣，從小努力，才能有所成就。
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蘇老泉，二十七，始發憤，讀書籍。
彼既老，猶悔遲，爾小生，宜早思。
若梁灝，八十二，對大廷，魁多士。
彼既成，眾稱異，爾小生，宜立志。

苏老泉，二十七，始发愤，读书籍。
彼既老，犹悔迟，尔小生，宜早思。
若梁灏，八十二，对大廷，魁多士。
彼既成，众称异，尔小生，宜立志。

Sūlǎoquán, èrshíqī, shǐ fā fèn, dú shūjí.
Bǐ jì lǎo, yóu huǐ chí, ěr xiǎoshēng, yí zǎo sī.
Ruò liáng hào, bāshí'èr, duì dà tíng, kuí duō shì.
Bǐ jìchéng, zhòng chēng yì, ěr xiǎoshēng, yí lìzhì.
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＜ English Translation＞
Su Xun (Whow did the literary name "Lao Quan” belong to, Su Xun or his son Su Shi, is still in dispute), litterateur of the Song Dynasty, did not devote himself to the study of books until he was twenty-seven years old. He often regretted deeply that he did not start learning at an early age. We should spare no efforts on our study when we are young. Liang Hao of the Song Dynasty took the imperial exam at the age of eighty-two and achieved the title of Jinshi (first level).
He was respected and admired for his talent and perseverance. We should be inspired by such stories and aspire to achieve great things when we are still young.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
宋朝文学家苏洵(「老泉」这个别号属于苏洵还是苏轼，至今仍有争议)二十七岁时才开始发愤读书。他很后悔自己年纪大了才醒悟，读书读得太迟。所以我们要趁早学习，不要等到长大了才后悔。宋时的梁灏,八十二岁考中进士，并在朝廷的殿试中对答如流，脱颖而出成为状元。梁濑 年纪这么大还在用功，最后终于获得成功，大家都很钦佩他。我们应向他学习，趁年轻立志努力。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
宋朝文學家蘇洵(「老泉」這個別號屬於蘇洵還是蘇軾，至今仍有爭議)二十七歲時才開始發憤讀書。他很後悔自己年紀大了才醒悟，讀書讀得太遲。所以我們要趁早學習，不要等到長大了才後悔。宋時的梁灏,八十二歲考中進士，並在朝廷的殿試中對答如流，脫穎而出成為狀元。梁瀨 年紀這麼大還在用功，最後終於獲得成功，大家都很欽佩他。我們應向他學習，趁年輕立志努力。
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如囊螢，如映雪，家雖貧，學不輟。
如負薪，如掛角，身雖勞，猶苦卓。

如囊萤，如映雪，家虽贫，学不辍。
如负薪，如挂角，身虽劳，犹苦卓。

Rú náng yíng, rú yìng xuě, jiā suī pín, xué bú chuò.
Rú fù xīn, rú guà jiǎo, shēn suī láo, yóu kǔ zhuó.

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＜ English Translation＞
Could not afford to buy an oil lamp. Che Yin of the Jin Dynasty put fireflies in a bag and used the dim light to read books at night. Another man of the Jin Dynasty, Sun Kang, used the glare reflected off white snow at night to read books. Both men studied diligently und unremittingly despite their poor circumstances. Zhu Maichen of the Han Dynasty earned his living cutting firewood in the hills, and he often read while walking in the woods. Cowherd boy Li Mi of the Sui Dynasty had his books hung on cow horns and read them whenever he could. Although these men had to endure hard labor, they still made great efforts to learn.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
晋朝人车胤没钱买油点灯，于是他把萤火虫放在袋里照明读书。另外一位普朝人孙康，每到夜晚时利用积雪的反光来读书。他们两人家境贫苦，却能在艰苦条件下坚持学习。汉朝的朱实臣以砍柴为生，常常利用砍柴的空档读书。隋朝 的李密每天放牛的时候把书封在牛角上苦读。他们每天辛苦工作，却依然者发求学，这种精神值得我们学习。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
晉朝人車胤沒錢買油點燈，於是他把螢火蟲放在袋裡照明讀書。另外一位普朝人孫康，每到夜晚時利用積雪的反光來讀書。他們兩人家境貧苦，卻能在艱苦條件下堅持學習。漢朝的朱實臣以砍柴為生，常常利用砍柴的空檔讀書。隋朝 的李密每天放牛的時候把書封在牛角上苦讀。他們每天辛苦工作，卻依然者發求學，這種精神值得我們學習。
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披蒲編，削竹簡，彼無書，且知勉。
頭懸梁，錐刺股，彼不教，自勤苦。

披蒲编，削竹简，彼无书，且知勉。
头悬梁，锥刺股，彼不教，自勤苦。

Pī pú biān, xuè zhújiǎn, bǐ wú shū, qiě zhī miǎn.
Tóu xuánliáng, zhuī cìgǔ, bǐ bú jiào, zì qínkǔ.
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＜ English Translation＞
Lu Wenshu of the Western Han Dynasty copied the characters From borrowed books on leaves of cattail. Gongsun Hong borrowed the Spring and Autumn Annals and carved the content of the book onto the thin bamboo slips he made. These men could not afford to buy books, but they made a great effort to study, and both of them later became famous scholars. Sun Jing of the Han Dynasty, when studying, tied his hair to a thread which was linked to the beam above him, so as to prevent himself from falling asleep. Su Qin of the Warring States Period pricked his thigh with an awl to awaken himself when he was very tired while reading. These men were not instructed but made a great effort to study of their own accord. Today we are born into much better circumstances, having nicely printed books and bright classrooms; we all should, therefore, study hard.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
西汉时的路温舒把借来的书抄在蒲草上阅读。公孙弘削竹子做成竹简,把借来的书抄在上面。他们虽然家里穷买不起书，却刻苦自学，后来都成为大学问家，成就一番事业。汉代人孙敬用绳子把头发悬挂在屋梁上，防止自己打瞌睡耽误了学习。战国时的苏秦读书读累了就用锥子刺自己的大腿以提醒自己不能懈怠。他们这样刻苦用功，都是自动自觉的。我们今天能有印制精美的书本和宽敞明亮的教室，如果还不努力就太不应该了。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
西漢時的路溫舒把借來的書抄在蒲草上閱讀。公孫弘削竹子做成竹簡,把借來的書抄在上面。他們雖然家裡窮買不起書，卻刻苦自學，後來都成為大學問家，成就一番事業。漢代人孫敬用繩子把頭髮懸掛在屋梁上，防止自己打瞌睡耽誤了學習。戰國時的蘇秦讀書讀累了就用錐子刺自己的大腿以提醒自己不能懈怠。他們這樣刻苦用功，都是自動自覺的。我們今天能有印製精美的書本和寬敞明亮的教室，如果還不努力就太不應該了。
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昔仲尼，師項橐，古聖賢，尚勤學。
趙中令，讀魯論，彼既仕，學且勤。

昔仲尼，师项橐，古圣贤，尚勤学。
赵中令，读鲁论，彼既仕，学且勤。

Xí zhòng ní, shī xiàng tuó, gǔ shèngxián, shàng qínxué.
Zhàozhōnglìng, dú lǔ lún, bǐ jì shì, xué qiě qín.
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＜ English Translation＞
Great minds like Confucius were diligent in their studies and often felt unashamed to learn from their subordinates. Confucius once acknowledged Xiang Tuo, a wonder child, as his teacher. Zhao Pu of the Song Dynasty studied the Analects of Confucius day and night. Even after he became Zhong Shu Ling (the head of the secretariat), he still studied diligently. We should learn from them and bear in mind that there is no end to learning.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
像孔子这样的圣贤，不仅勤奋好学，还能做到不耻下问，拜七岁神童项橐为师。宋朝的赵普好读《论语》，即使后来做到了中书令这样的高官,他也仍然勤奋学习。所以，我们更应该以他们为榜样。人的学问是永无 止境的，我们要以此自勉。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
像孔子這樣的聖賢，不僅勤奮好學，還能做到不恥下問，拜七歲神童項橐為師。宋朝的趙普好讀《論語》，即使後來做到了中書令這樣的高官,他也仍然勤奮學習。所以，我們更應該以他們為榜樣。人的學問是永無 止境的，我們要以此自勉。
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讀史者，考實錄，通古今，若親目。
口而誦，心而惟，朝於斯，夕於斯。

读史者，考实录，通古今，若亲目。
口而诵，心而惟，朝于斯，夕于斯。

Dú shǐ zhě, kǎo shílù, tōng gǔjīn, ruò qīn mù.
Kǒu ér sòng, xīn ér wéi, chāo yú sī, xì yú sī.
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＜ English Translation＞
Whoever reads history should use historical materials as a reference and thereby achieves a full understanding of ancient and modern events, as though having seen them with one's own eyes. When one is reading books, one should read and recite them aloud and ponder over them in one's heart. One should study them day and night, for a good command of knowledge can only be achieved through perseverance.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
读历史的人，必须要参阅记载史实的资料，如此才能真正通晓古往今来的历史，就如同亲眼目睹一样。而对于我们每一 个读书人来说，读书的时候不仅要大声地诵读，还要用心去思考。不但白天要用功，晚上也要抓紧时间学习，持之以恒才能巩固所学的知识。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
讀歷史的人，必須要參閱記載史實的資料，如此才能真正通曉古往今來的歷史，就如同親眼目睹一樣。而對於我們每一 個讀書人來說，讀書的時候不僅要大聲地誦讀，還要用心去思考。不但白天要用功，晚上也要抓緊時間學習，持之以恆才能鞏固所學的知識。
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革命興，廢帝制，立憲法，建民國。
古今史，全在茲，載治亂，知興衰。
史雖繁，讀有次，史記一，漢書二。
後漢三，國志四，兼證經，參通鑑。

革命兴，废帝制，立宪法，建民国。
古今史，全在兹，载治乱，知兴衰。
史虽繁，读有次，史记一，汉书二。
后汉三，国志四，兼证经，参通鉴。

Gémìng xìng, fèi dìzhì, lì xiànfǎ, jiàn mínguó.
Gǔjīn shǐ, quán zài zī, zài zhì luàn, zhī xīngshuāi.
Shǐ suī fán, dú yǒu cì, shǐjì yī, hàn shū èr.
Hòuhàn sān, guózhì sì, jiān zhèng jīng, cān tōng jiàn.

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清世祖，膺景命，靖四方，克大定。
由康雍，歷乾嘉，民安富，治績誇。
道咸間，變亂起，始英法，擾都鄙。
同光後，宣統弱，傳九帝，清朝歿。

清世祖，膺景命，靖四方，克大定。
由康雍，历乾嘉，民安富，治绩夸。
道咸间，变乱起，始英法，扰都鄙。
同光后，宣统弱，传九帝，清朝殁。

Qīng shìzǔ, yīng jǐng mìng, jìng sìfāng, kè dà dìng.
Yóu kāng yōng, lì gān jiā, mín ānfù, zhì jī kuā.
Dào xián jiān, biànluàn qǐ, shǐ yīngfǎ, rǎo dū bǐ.
Tóng guāng hòu, xuāntǒng ruò, chuán jiǔ dì, qīngcháo mò.
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＜ English Translation＞
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, many people began to advocate for a violent revolution to ultimately overthrow the monarchy. Eventually, the dynasty was overthrown following the Xinhai Revolution. The feudal monarchy was abolished and a republican government was later established. One can learn the history from ancient times to modern times, study the reasons behind the rise and fall of a dynasty and learn lessons from history. When reading historical books, one should follow the right order, that is, starting with Shi Ji (Records of the Grand Historian). Han Shu (History of the Former Han Dynasty), and followed by Hou Han Shu (History of the Later Han Dynasty), and San Guo Zhi (Records of Three Kingdoms). When reading these classics, one should also turn to the literature, such as the works of Zi Zhi Tong Jian (Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government) for reference, so as to fully understand the history and reflect on history.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
清朝衰落，革命兴起。辛亥革命推翻了清朝统治，废除了封建君主专 制，实行法治，建立了中华民国。从上古到近代的历史大致如此，通过学习历史，我们可以了解各个朝代治乱兴衰的过程，以史为鉴。读史书要掌握次序，先读《史记》《汉书》，再读《后汉书》《三国志》。读的同时还要查证经书，参考《资治通鉴》，以便更好地理解和反思历史。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
清朝衰落，革命興起。辛亥革命推翻了清朝統治，廢除了封建君主專 制，實行法治，建立了中華民國。從上古到近代的歷史大致如此，通過學習歷史，我們可以了解各個朝代治亂興衰的過程，以史為鑑。讀史書要掌握次序，先讀《史記》《漢書》，再讀《後漢書》《三國志》。讀的同時還要查證經書，參考《資治通鑑》，以便更好地理解和反思歷史。
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輿圖廣，超前代，九十年，國祚廢。
太祖興，國大明，號洪武，都金陵。
迨成祖，遷燕京，十六世，至崇禎。
權閹肆，寇如林，李闖出，神器焚。

舆图广，超前代，九十年，国祚废。
太祖兴，国大明，号洪武，都金陵。
迨成祖，迁燕京，十六世，至崇祯。
权阉肆，寇如林，李闯出，神器焚。

Yútú guǎng, chāoqián dài, jiǔshí nián, guó zuò fèi.
Tài zǔ xīng, guó dàmíng, hào hóngwǔ, dū jīnlíng.
Dài chéngzǔ, qiān yàn jīng, shíliù shì, zhì chóngzhēn.
Quán yān sì, kòurúlín, lǐ chuǎng chū, shénqì fén.
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＜ English Translation＞
The Yuan Dynasty established by the Mongol covered a territory larger than any previous dynasties. However, the line of the Yuan only lasted for ninety years and political corruption brought an end to its reign. Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan and changed the dynastic title into Ming. He became the Taizu (the first emperor) of the Ming Dynasty and entitled himself Hongwu. The capital was Jinling, modern-day Nanjing. When Emperor Chengzu succeeded to the throne, he moved the capital to Yanjing (modern-day Beijing). The Ming Dynasty saw its throne being handed down to sixteen emperors until usurped from the last ruler, Emperor Chongzhen. During his reign, the political power was monopolized by the eunuchs, and the number of gangsters in different provinces grew rapidly. In the end, the leader of the uprising peasants Li Zicheng, who called himself "Chuang Wang" (Dashing King) overthrew the Ming Dynasty.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
蒙古人建立的元朝疆域之大是前所未有的，但元朝末年政治腐败，因此元朝只传了九十年就被明太祖朱元璋推翻了。朱元璋改国号为明，年号洪武，建都于金陵，即今天的南京。明成祖时将国都迁往燕京，即今天的北京。明朝传了十六代,到崇祯皇帝时结束。明朝之所以灭亡，是由于宦官当道，盗匪四起，最终被自称「闯王」的李自成率起义军推翻。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
蒙古人建立的元朝疆域之大是前所未有的，但元朝末年政治腐敗，因此元朝只傳了九十年就被明太祖朱元璋推翻了。朱元璋改國號為明，年號洪武，建都於金陵，即今天的南京。明成祖時將國都遷往燕京，即今天的北京。明朝傳了十六代,到崇禎皇帝時結束。明朝之所以滅亡，是由於宦官當道，盗匪四起，最終被自稱「闖王」的李自成率起義軍推翻。
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二十傳，三百載，梁滅之，國乃改。
梁唐晉，及漢周，稱五代，皆有由。
趙宋興，受周嬋，十八傳，南北混。
遼與金，皆稱帝，元滅金，絕宋世。

二十传，三百载，梁灭之，国乃改。
梁唐晋，及汉周，称五代，皆有由。
赵宋兴，受周婵，十八传，南北混。
辽与金，皆​​称帝，元灭金，绝宋世。

Èrshí chuán, sānbǎi zǎi, liáng miè zhī, guó nǎi gǎi.
Liángtángjìn, jí hàn zhōu, chēng wǔdài, jiē yǒu yóu.
Zhào sòng xìng, shòu zhōu chán, shíbā chuán, nánběi hùn.
Liáo yǔ jīn, jiē​​chēng dì, yuán miè jīn, jué sòng shì.
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＜ English Translation＞
he Tang Dynasty's three-hundred-year reign saw the throne being handed down to twenty generations of emperors until Zhu Wen overthrew the Li family and established the Later Liang Dynasty. The Later Liang, the Later Tang, Later Jin, the Later Han, and the Later Zhou were together called the Five Dynasties, and each one of them lasted only a short period of time. Zhao Kuangyin, the first emperor of the Song Dynasty, forced the last ruler of the Later Zhou, Emperor Gong to give him the throne, and changed the dynastic title into Song The Song Dynasty was divided into the Northern Song period and the Southern Song period and it had eighteen emperors altogether. It was replaced by the Yuan Dynasty in the end. The descendants of the northern minorities, the Liao, Jin and Mongol each founded their states by the end of the Southern Song. The Jin later defeated the Liao, and the Mongol defeated the Jin and the Song, hence established the Yuan Dynasty, and China was again unified.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
唐朝传了二十代，前后近三百年，直到朱温灭了唐朝，建立后梁。后梁、后唐后晋后汉及后周合称五代 :五代很短暂 - 宋太祖赵匡胤名义上接受后周恭帝的禅让，其实是逼恭帝退位，建立了宋朝。北宋南宋一共传了十八 代，最后被元朝所灭。北方的契丹族所建立的辽国与女真族所建立的金国都先后称帝，后来金减辽、元灭金，南北统一。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
唐朝傳了二十代，前後近三百年，直到朱溫滅了唐朝，建立後梁。後梁、後唐後晉後漢及後周合稱五代 :五代很短暫 - 宋太祖趙匡胤名義上接受後周恭帝的禪讓，其實是逼恭帝退位，建立了宋朝。北宋南宋一共傳了十八 代，最後被元朝所滅。北方的契丹族所建立的遼國與女真族所建立的金國都先後稱帝，後來金減遼、元滅金，南北統一。
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宋齊繼，梁陳承。為南朝，都金陵。
北元魏，分東西。宇文周，與高齊。
迨至隋，一土宇。不再傳，失統緒。
唐高祖，起義師。除隋亂，創國基。

宋齐继，梁陈承。为南朝，都金陵。
北元魏，分东西。宇文周，与高齐。
迨至隋，一土宇。不再传，失统绪。
唐高祖，起义师。除隋乱，创国基。

Sòngqíjì, liáng chén chéng. Wéi náncháo, dū jīnlíng.
Běi yuán wèi, fēn dōngxī. Yǔwén zhōu, yǔ gāo qí.
Dài zhì suí, yī tǔ yǔ. Bú zài chuán, shī tǒng xù.
Táng gāozǔ, qǐyì shī. Chú suí luàn, chuàng guó jī.
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＜ English Translation＞
After Liu Yu overthrew the Eastern Jin Dynasty. the Southern and Northern Dynasties began. The Southern Dynasties included the dynasties of the four kingdoms, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. Their capital was in Jinling (today's Nanjing). The Northern Dynasties was the Northern Wei established by Tuoba Gui who implemented Hanization policies and changed his family name into Yuan, hence the Northern Wei is also called Yuan Wei. The Northern Wei dynasty was later divided into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei. The Western Wei was overthrown by Yuwen Jue who established the Northern Zhou Dynasty. And the Eastern Wei was defeated by Gao Yang who then established the Northern Qi Dynasty. The two dynasties lasted until Yang Jian (also known as Emperor Wen) united the country and established the Sui Dynasty. His son Yang Guang (Emperor Yang) was a dissipated and corruptive tyrant, and he lost the empire to Li Yuan, who led a group of peasant uprising forces to fight against the rule of the Sui Dynasty and seized all the other powers struggling against the reign of Sui. Li later became Emperor Gaozu, the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
刘裕灭了东晋，南北朝就开始了。南方为南朝，先后有宋、齐、 梁陈四代，都定都金陵就是今天的南京。北方拓跋珪建立北魏后施行汉化政策，改姓元，所以北魏又称元魏。后来北魏分裂为东西魏，不久宇文觉募西魏，建立北周，高洋与东魏,建立北齐。直到隋文帝杨坚建立隋朝，才结束南北分裂局面，统一天下。杨坚的儿子隋炀帝杨广荒淫无道，国内动乱频发。后来李渊发动「义师」平定了乱事，建立了唐朝，自己做了皇帝，就是唐高祖。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
劉裕滅了東晉，南北朝就開始了。南方為南朝，先後有宋、齊、 梁陳四代，都定都金陵就是今天的南京。北方拓跋珪建立北魏後施行漢化政策，改姓元，所以北魏又稱元魏。後來北魏分裂為東西魏，不久宇文覺募西魏，建立北周，高洋與東魏,建立北齊。直到隋文帝楊堅建立隋朝，才結束南北分裂局面，統一天下。楊堅的兒子隋煬帝楊廣荒淫無道，國內動亂頻發。後來李淵發動「義師」平定了亂事，建立了唐朝，自己做了皇帝，就是唐高祖。
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嬴秦氏，始兼併。傳二世，楚漢爭。
高祖興，漢業建。至孝平，王莽篡。
光武興，為東漢。四百年，終於獻。
魏蜀吳，爭漢鼎。號三國，迄兩晉。

嬴秦氏，始兼并。传二世，楚汉争。
高祖兴，汉业建。至孝平，王莽篡。
光武兴，为东汉。四百年，终于献。
魏蜀吴，争汉鼎。号三国，迄两晋。

Yíng qín shì, shǐ jiānbìng. Chuán èr shì, chǔ hàn zhēng.
Gāozǔ xīng, hàn yè jiàn. Zhì xiàopíng, wángmǎng cuàn.
Guāngwǔ xīng, wéi dōnghàn. Sìbǎi nián, zhōngyú xiàn.
Wèi shǔ wú, zhēng hàn dǐng. Hào sānguó, qì liǎngjìn.

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At the end of the Warring States period. the State of Qin merged all the other six states and unified the country. Ying Zheng became the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty and entitled himself "Shi Huangdi" (the First Emperor). The tyranny of Ying Zheng and his son, the second ruler of Qin, led to the country's chaotic state. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, therefore, rose up in rebellion against the Qin Dynasty and overthrew the tyranny. Both wanted the throne.
Liu Bang (ruler of the Han State) and Xiang Yu (ruler of the Chu State) then started the well-known war between the Chu and Han, which ended with Liu's victory. As a result, Liu Bang became Emperor Gaozu, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty (also known as the Western Han Dynasty). Two hundred years later, Wang Mang usurped the throne which had come to the reign of Emperor Xiaoping. Liu Xiu, also known as Emperor Guangwu, arose and overthrew the rule of Wang Mang later. He restored the dynastic title of Han and chose Luoyang City as the capital. From then on, the history of China entered the period of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Together, the Western and Eastern Han dynasties lasted for more than four hundred years. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three states, Wei, Shu, and Wu started to fight for the throne of Emperor Xian. They were called the "Three Kingdoms" and this was the Period of the Three Kingdoms. Sima Yan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Wei later defeated the other two kingdoms, established the Jin Dynasty and unified the country. The Jin Dynasty was also divided into two periods, the Western Jin and the Eastern Jin.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
战国末年，秦王嬴政兼并六国，统一了天下，自称「始皇帝」。他施行暴政，皇位传到第二代时引起天下大乱，刘邦、项羽兴兵起义，秦朝灭亡。随后楚王项羽和汉王刘邦展开争夺，最后汉高祖刘邦获胜，建立汉 朝，史称西汉。西汉传至孝平帝时，外戚王莽篡取了帝位。之后，汉光武帝刘秀推翻王莽政权，中兴汉室，在洛阳建都，称为东汉。两汉共历四百多年，到东汉末年汉献帝时灭亡，天下形成魏蜀吴三国三足鼎立的局面，历史上称为三国时代，直到司马炎灭三国，建立晋朝，天下才再度统一。晋朝又分西晋和东晋。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
戰國末年，秦王嬴政兼併六國，統一了天下，自稱「始皇帝」。他施行暴政，皇位傳到第二代時引起天下大亂，劉邦、項羽興兵起義，秦朝滅亡。隨後楚王項羽和漢王劉邦展開爭奪，最後漢高祖劉邦獲勝，建立漢 朝，史稱西漢。西漢傳至孝平帝時，外戚王莽篡取了帝位。之後，漢光武帝劉秀推翻王莽政權，中興漢室，在洛陽建都，稱為東漢。兩漢共歷四百多年，到東漢末年漢獻帝時滅亡，天下形成魏蜀吳三國三足鼎立的局面，歷史上稱為三國時代，直到司馬炎滅三國，建立晉朝，天下才再度統一。晉朝又分西晉和東晉。
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湯伐夏，國號商。六百載，至紂亡。
周武王，始誅紂。八百載，最長久。
周轍東，王綱墜。逞干戈，尚遊說。
始春秋，終戰國。五霸強，七雄出。

汤伐夏，国号商。六百载，至纣亡。
周武王，始诛纣。八百载，最长久。
周辙东，王纲坠。逞干戈，尚游说。
始春秋，终战国。五霸强，七雄出。

Tāng fā xià, guó hào shāng. Liùbǎi zǎi, zhì zhòu wáng.
Zhōu wǔwáng, shǐ zhū zhòu. Bābǎi zǎi, zuì chángjiǔ.
Zhōu chè dōng, wáng gāng zhuì. Chěng gāngē, shàng yóushuì.
Shǐ chūnqiū, zhōng zhànguó. Wǔ bà qiáng, qīxióng chū.
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＜ English Translation＞
The last ruler of the Xia Dynasty, Jie, was a cruel tyrant. King Tang defeated him and founded the nation with the dynastic title Shang. The dynasty lasted for six hundred years until the last ruler King Zhou, notorious as a dissipated and unprincipled tyrant, was defeated by King Wu who later founded the Zhou Dynasty. This is the well-known historical event of King Wu on a punitive expedition against the despotic King Zhou. The Zhou Dynasty lasted for eight hundred years, the longest one of all the dynasties in ancient China. The capital of Zhou was later moved eastwards to Luoyang City, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began. The political power then started to deteriorate, the laws were violated and the continuing wars among major powers pushed the nation to the verge of collapse. Many peripatetic politicians traveled around to sell their propositions to princes and lords. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty began with the Spring and Autumn Period and ended with the Warring States Period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were "Five Chieftains", and in the Warring States Period, there were "Seven Martial States".

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
夏朝的最后一位君王桀暴虐无道，于是汤起而讨伐，建立了商朝，延续了六百多年。后来，周武王联合诸侯讨伐荒淫无道的纣王，建立了周朝，周朝历时八百多年，是我国历史上最长久的王朝。周朝东迁洛阳之后，法度不振，政纲纪律废弛，诸侯混战不断，于是有很多善籍善谋的人纷纷游说诸侯, 宣扬各种主张。东周始于春秋，终于战国，「春秋 五霸」是春秋时期五个霸主，「战国七雄」则是指战国时期国力最强的七个诸侯国。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
夏朝的最後一位君王桀暴虐無道，於是湯起而討伐，建立了商朝，延續了六百多年。後來，周武王聯合諸侯討伐荒淫無道的紂王，建立了周朝，周朝歷時八百多年，是我國歷史上最長久的王朝。周朝東遷洛陽之後，法度不振，政綱紀律廢弛，諸侯混戰不斷，於是有很多善籍善謀的人紛紛遊說諸侯, 宣揚各種主張。東周始於春秋，終於戰國，「春秋 五霸」是春秋時期五個霸主，「戰國七雄」則是指戰國時期國力最強的七個諸侯國。
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自羲農，至黃帝，號三皇，居上世。
唐有虞，號二帝，相揖遜，稱盛世。
夏有禹，商有湯，周武王，稱三王。
夏傳子，家天下，四百載，遷夏社。

自羲农，至黄帝，号三皇，居上世。
唐有虞，号二帝，相揖逊，称盛世。
夏有禹，商有汤，周武王，称三王。
夏传子，家天下，四百载，迁夏社。

Zì xī nóng, zhì huángdì, hào sān huáng, jū shàng shì.
Táng yǒu yú, hào èr dì, xiāng yī xùn, chēng shèngshì.
Xiàyǒuyǔ, shāng yǒu tāng, zhōu wǔwáng, chēng sān wáng.
Xiàchuánzi, jiā tiānxià, sìbǎi zài, qiān xià shè.
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＜ English Translation＞
Tu Xi, Shen Nong and the Yellow Emperor are called the "San Huang" (Three Rulers) of the ancient times for their great contributions. Following the Yellow Emperor were Tang Yao and Yu Shun. Yao passed his throne to Shun and Shun to Yu. Under the reign of these three emperors. their country witnessed its heyday of peace and prosperity. The founder of the Xia Dynasty was Yu, the first ruler of the Shang Dynasty was Tang, and King Wen and King Wu were the first two generations of emperors of the Zhou Dynasty Yu in the Xia Dynasty passed his throne to his son Qi. hence started the "Jia Tian Xia" (family possession of the empire) tradition. Xia Dynasty lasted for four hundred years before it was overthrown by Tang.

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
从伏羲、神农到黄帝，这三位上古时代的君主，后人尊称他们为「三皇」。之后又有唐尧虞舜两位贤明皇帝，他们传位时选择贤能之人为自己的接班人，尧传位给舜，舜传位给声，因而造就了太平盛世。夏禹、商汤、周文王和周武王是夏、商、周三 代的开国君主，「三王」指三代的开国者都行王道，使得国泰民安。自从夏禹将王位传给了儿子启，中国从此变成「家天下」，王位传承采取世袭制度。夏朝经历了四百多年，被商朝取代。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
從伏羲、神農到黃帝，這三位上古時代的君主，後人尊稱他們為「三皇」。之後又有唐堯虞舜兩位賢明皇帝，他們傳位時選擇賢能之人為自己的接班人，堯傳位給舜，舜傳位給声，因而造就了太平盛世。夏禹、商湯、周文王和周武王是夏、商、周三 代的開國君主，「三王」指三代的開國者都行王道，使得國泰民安。自從夏禹將王位傳給了兒子啟，中國從此變成「家天下」，王位傳承採取世襲制度。夏朝經歷了四百多年，被商朝取代。
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五子者，有荀揚，文中子，及老莊。
經子通，讀諸史，考世系，知終始。

五子者，有荀扬，文中子，及老庄。
经子通，读诸史，考世系，知终始。

Wǔzǐ zhě, yǒu xún yáng, wénzhōng zǐ, jí lǎo zhuāng.
Jīng zǐ tōng, dú zhū shǐ, kǎo shìxì, zhī zhōng shǐ.

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＜ English Translation＞
The "Wu Zi" (Five Chief Philosophers) refers to Xun Zi, Yang Zi. wang Zi, Lao Zi (Lao Tzu) and Zhuang Zi (Chuang Tzu).
Their works, generally called "Zi Shu" (Philosophical Classics) are the great cultural treasures of our nation and are well worth reading. When the classics and the philosophers' works are mastered, one can start reading various histories, and the genealogical connections in different dynasties should be examined when doing so. One should also know the reasons behind the rise and fall of a dynasty so as to learn lessons from history

＜ Explanation in simplified＞⁣　
「五子」是指荀子、扬子文中子、老子、庄子。他们所写的书，便称为子书。这些思想都是我 们宝贵的文化遗产，值得我们一读。经书和子书读熟了以后，就可以读史书了。读史时必须要考究各朝各代的世系，明白朝代盛衰的原因，才能从历史中记取教训。

＜ Explanation in traditional＞⁣
「五子」是指荀子、揚子文中子、老子、莊子。他們所寫的書，便稱為子書。這些思想都是我 們寶貴的文化遺產，值得我們一讀。經書和子書讀熟了以後，就可以讀史書了。讀史時必須要考究各朝各代的世系，明白朝代盛衰的原因，才能從歷史中記取教訓。
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